ETHNOBOTANY

SUMAC

Significant to: Seminole, Cherokee, 

Ojibwa, Koasati, Delaware, Creek, Midoo, Natchez, Lakota, Navajo, Malecite, Thompson

Used for kidney ailment, urinary aid, ceremonial uses, in the making of black dye, to combine with tobacco to smoke, to treat burns, as an antidiarrheal, bark eaten as a delicacy and considered a fruit

CONEFLOWER

Significant to: 

Cheyenne, Crow, Dakota, Sioux, Choctaw, Delaware, Keres, Lakota, Oglala, Zuni, Navajo

Used to make a form of tea, to treat stomach aches and gastrointestinal problems, urinary aid, to treat wounds, draw poison from snake bites, treat poison ivy rash, treat gonorrhea, treat toothaches, burns, and arthritis

BLACK COHOSH

Significant to: Delaware

Used as a tonic and for rheumatism

SUNFLOWER

Significant to: 
Yavapai, Kawaiisu, Miwok, Navajo, Apache, Cahuilla, Gosiute, Dakota, Costanoan, Gros Ventre, Havasupai, Hopi, Jemez, Isleta, Kiowa, Luiseno, Mandan, Mohave, Montana, Navajo

Staple food for breads and cakes, especially in winter. Ceremonial dye, dietary aid, to make soap, mixed with clay for use as building material, pulmonary and lung aid

PINK LADY'S SLIPPER

Significant to: Lakota

Lady's slipper is used to treat insomnia, emotional tension, hysteria and anxiety. Used internally for treating nervous tension, anxiety, depression, insomnia and tension headaches.

JEWELWEED

Significant to: 

Cherokee, Chippewa, Iroquois, Malecite, Menominee, Meskwaki, Micmac, Mohegan, Nanticoke, Ojibwa, Omaha, Potawatomi, Penobscot, Shinnecock

Used to make dye (orange and yellow), dermatological, gastrointestinal, and liver aid, and to treat burns. Also considered to be a ceremonial medicine.

SHEEP SORREL

Significant to: 

Iroquois, Aleut, Anticosta, Bella Coola, Chehalis, Cherokee, Squaxin, Thompson, Saanich, Mohegan, Miwok, Okanagan

Leaves were eaten as a sort of vegetable, were sour and also used as a spice or sorts. Also a dermatological aid.

SPURGE

Significant to: 

Algonquin, Navajo, Cherokee, Meskwaki, Micmac, Ojibwa, Keres, Cahuilla, Creek, Mahuna, Yavapai

Infusion of roots for diabetes, cathartic aid, skin poultice for boils, toothaches, urinary aid, rheumatism, gynecological aid.

CAROLINA ROSE

Significant to: Menominee

Gastrointestinal aid

MEADOWSWEET

Significant to: 

Algonquin, Iroquois, Abnaki, Mahuna, Meskwaki, Ojibwa, Potawatomi

antidiarrheal , cold remedy, nausea, to make a form of tea

Meadowsweet is used for colds, bronchitis, upset stomach, heartburn, peptic ulcer disease, and joint disorders including gout

OXEYE

Significant to: Chippewa, Meskwaki, Iroquois, Menominee, Mohegan, Quileute, Shinnecock